詞語：decimate
decimate是什麼意思
簡明英漢詞典
decimate
[5desimeit]
vt.
每十人殺一人, 大批殺害
美國傳統詞典[雙解]
decimate
dec.i.mate
AHD:[dμs「…-m3t」]
D.J.[6des*7meit]
K.K.[6dWs*7met]
v.tr.（及物動詞）
dec.i.mat.ed， dec.i.mat.ing， dec.i.mates
(1)To destroy or kill a large part of (a group).
破壞：毀滅或殺死（一群）中的大部分
(2)Usage Problem
【用法疑難】
(3)To inflict great destruction or damage on:
毀損：使…遭受巨大破壞或損失：
The fawns decimated my sister's rose bushes.
小鹿弄壞了我姐姐的玫瑰花叢
(4)To reduce markedly in amount:
驟減：在數量上顯著減少：
a profligate heir who decimated his trust fund.
急劇減少信託基金的恣意揮霍的繼承人
(5)To select by lot and kill one in every ten of.
以抽籤的方式選出並殺死其中的十分之一
語源
(1)Latin decim3e decim3t- [to punish every tenth person]
拉丁語 decim3e decim3t- [懲罰每十個人中的一個]
(2)from decimus [tenth]
源自 decimus [第十]
(3)from decem [ten] * see dek?
源自 decem [十] *參見 dek?
繼承用法
dec」ima「tion
n.（名詞）
用法
Decimate originally referred to the killing of every tenth person, a punishment used in the Roman army for mutinous legions. Today this meaning is commonly extended to include the killing of any large proportion of a group. Sixty-six percent of the Usage Panel accepts this extension in the sentence The Jewish population of Germany was decimated by the war, even though it is common knowledge thatthe number of Jews killed was much greater than a tenth of the original population. However, when the meaning is further extended to include large-scale destruction other than killing, as in The supply of fresh produce was decimated by the accident at Chernobyl, the usage is accepted by only 26 percent of the Panel.
Decimate 最初指殺死每十人中的一個， 用於古羅馬軍隊對反叛軍團的一種懲罰。現在這一層意思通常引申為大批殺死。用法專題使用小組中66%的成員認為在德國的猶太人在戰爭中被大批殺死 一句中該詞的這一引申義可接受， 儘管眾所周知，被殺的猶太人的數目遠比最初人口的十分之一要多。可是，當詞義外延至包括大量毀滅而不是戳殺，如在新鮮農產品的供應由於車諾比事故極大地受到了破壞 一句中， 用法專題使用小組中只有26%的成員接受這一用法。
註釋
Decimate comes from the Latin word decim3, which meant 「to punish every tenth man chosen by lot, as in a mutinous military unit,」 decim3e being derived from decimus, 「tenth.」 Our word decimate is first recorded in this sense in 1600 in A Treatise of Ireland, written by John Dymmok: 「All . . . were by a martiall courte condemned to dye, which sentence was yet mittigated by the Lord Lieutenants mercy by which they were onely decimated by lott.」 Decimate then passed beyond the military context and came to be used rhetorically or loosely with reference to more than a tenth. Charlotte Bront?, for example, stated in a letter of 1848 that 「Typhus fever decimated the school periodically,」 although typhus fever certainly did not always kill exactly a tenth of the school's population.
Decimate 來源於拉丁詞 decimare， 意為「以抽籤的方式懲罰背叛羅馬軍隊的人的十分之一"，decimare 是從表示「第十」的decimus 一詞中派生出來的。 我們所說的decimate 一詞的這一意義，首次記載在1600年的約翰·戴馬克寫的 愛爾蘭紀事 中： 「所有的人…都被軍事法庭判處死刑，但這一判決被總督仁慈地減輕了，即以抽籤的方式處死他們中的十分之一」。Decimate 後來不僅用於與軍隊有關的上下文中，而且不嚴格地用於指比十分之一多的數。例如，夏洛蒂·勃朗特在1848年寫的一封信裡稱「斑疹傷寒定期地給學校帶來巨大的災難」， 儘管斑疹傷寒當然不總是導致學校十分之一人口的死亡
現代英漢綜合大辭典
decimate
[5desimeit]
vt.
(1)抽取...的十分之一, 消滅十分之一
(2)抽殺...十分之一的人(古羅馬對叛軍的懲罰)
(3)(傳染病等)使死去多人; 大批殺死; 大量毀壞
(4)向...徵收(十一稅)
decimate a regiment
抽殺一個軍團十分之一的人
decimate carloads
十車貨物中取一車的稅收
(5)【說明】此詞過去的意思是「消滅十分之一」, 但現在常表示「消滅十分之九」, 有人認為這種用法不是地道的英語。
繼承用法
decimation
[9desI`meIFLn]
n.
美國傳統詞典
decimate
dec.i.mate
AHD:[dμs「…-m3t」]
D.J.[6des*7meit]
K.K.[6dWs*7met]
v.tr.
dec.i.mat.ed, dec.i.mat.ing, dec.i.mates
(1)To destroy or kill a large part of (a group).
(2)Usage Problem
(3)To inflict great destruction or damage on:
The fawns decimated my sister's rose bushes.
(4)To reduce markedly in amount:
a profligate heir who decimated his trust fund.
(5)To select by lot and kill one in every ten of.
語源
(1)Latin decim3e decim3t- [to punish every tenth person]
(2)from decimus [tenth]
(3)from decem [ten] * see dek?
繼承用法
dec」ima「tion
n.
用法
Decimate originally referred to the killing of every tenth person, a punishment used in the Roman army for mutinous legions. Today this meaning is commonly extended to include the killing of any large proportion of a group. Sixty-six percent of the Usage Panel accepts this extension in the sentence The Jewish population of Germany was decimated by the war, even though it is common knowledge thatthe number of Jews killed was much greater than a tenth of the original population. However, when the meaning is further extended to include large-scale destruction other than killing, as in The supply of fresh produce was decimated by the accident at Chernobyl, the usage is accepted by only 26 percent of the Panel.
註釋
Decimate comes from the Latin word decim3, which meant 「to punish every tenth man chosen by lot, as in a mutinous military unit,」 decim3e being derived from decimus, 「tenth.」 Our word decimate is first recorded in this sense in 1600 in A Treatise of Ireland, written by John Dymmok: 「All . . . were by a martiall courte condemned to dye, which sentence was yet mittigated by the Lord Lieutenants mercy by which they were onely decimated by lott.」 Decimate then passed beyond the military context and came to be used rhetorically or loosely with reference to more than a tenth. Charlotte Bront?, for example, stated in a letter of 1848 that 「Typhus fever decimated the school periodically,」 although typhus fever certainly did not always kill exactly a tenth of the school's population.
英漢地質大詞典
decimate
n.取...的十分之一,分樣
英漢化學大詞典
decimate
vt.十中抽一,取...的110,毀滅...的大部分,分樣
英漢計算機大詞典
decimate
vt.十中抽一(取...的1/10,毀滅...的大部分)
英漢建築大詞典
decimate
n.取...的十分之一,分樣