詞語：hardly
hardly是什麼意思
簡明英漢詞典
hardly
[5hB:dli]
adv.
剛剛, 幾乎不, 僅, 嚴厲的, 艱辛的
美國傳統詞典[雙解]
hardly
hard.ly
AHD:[h?rd「l?]
D.J.[6h$8dli8]
K.K.[6h$dli]
adv.（副詞）
(1)Barely; just.
僅僅：幾乎沒有；剛剛
(2)To almost no degree; almost not:
幾乎不：任何程度上幾乎不；幾乎沒有：
I could hardly hear the speaker.
我幾乎聽不到演說者的聲音
(3)Probably or almost surely not:
可能或幾乎肯定不：
「Easily was a man made an infidel, but hardly might he be converted to another faith」(T.E. Lawrence)
「一個人可以輕易地變為不信宗教的人，但幾乎不可能轉而相信另外一種信仰」(T.E.勞倫斯)
(4)With severity; harshly.
嚴厲地；粗魯地
(5)With great difficulty; painfully.
非常困難地；痛苦地
語源
(1)Middle English hardli
中古英語 hardli
(2)from Old English heardloe [harshly, bravely]
源自 古英語 heardloe [粗魯地，勇敢地]
(3)from heard [hard] * see hard
源自 heard [堅硬的] *參見 hard
用法
The use of hardly with a negative is avoided in Standard English. Some critics have been puzzled that adverbs such as hardly, rarely, and scarcely should be treated as negatives in the traditional strictures against double negation, which tars sentences like I couldn't hardly see him with the same brush as I didn't get none. After all, they argue, the sentence Mary hardly laughed entails that Mary did laugh, not that she didn't, and therefore does not express a negative proposition. But hardly and scarcely occur with other negative expressions in a number of ways. For one thing, they combine with items such as any and at all, which are characteristically associated with negative contexts: we say I hardly saw him at all or I never saw him at all but not I occasionally saw him at all; we say I hardly had any time or I didn't have any time but not I had any time, and so on. Like other negative adverbs, hardly triggers inversion of the subject and auxiliary when it begins a sentence. Thus we say Hardly had I arrived when she left, on the pattern of Never have I read such a book or At no time has he condemned the movement. Such inversion is not used with other adverbs: we would not say Occasionally has he addressed this question or To a slight degree have they changed their position. The fact is that adverbs such as hardly are semantically negative in that they qualify a state or an event relative to the limiting case of nonoccurrence. Thus the meaning of hardly is, roughly, 「almost not at all」; the meaning of rarely is 「practically never」; and so forth. These adverbs are felt to have a negative component in their meaning, and it should not be surprising that grammarians have reacted to combinations of hardly with negatives in the same way that they have reacted to combinations of pairs of negatives such as not and none. See Usage Note at double negative, rarely, scarcely
Hardly 和一個否定詞在一起的用法在標準英語中應盡量避免， 一些批評學家一直懷疑象hardly，rarely 和 scarcely 這樣的副詞在傳統的雙重否定的句中應被視為否定詞， 這樣的詞使句子象I couldn't hardly see him 和 I didn't get none 一樣被弄糟了， 他們爭論說，畢竟句子Mary hardly laughed 的意思是瑪麗的確笑了， 而不是她沒笑，所以不表示否定的建議。但是hardly 和 scarcely 和其他的否定表示一起在許多方面出現， 舉例說，他們和象any 和 at all 這樣獨特的和否定上下文聯繫的條目組合在一起， 我們說I hardly saw him at all 或 I never saw him at all , 但並不是I occasionally saw him at all； 我們說I hardly had any time 或 I didn't have any time 但不是I had any time 等。 像其它否定副詞，hardly 在句子開頭時引起主語和助動詞的倒裝， 於是我們說Hardly had I arrived when she left， 和 Never have I read such a book 或 At no time has he condemned the movement. 等同樣的句型。 別的副詞並不用這樣的倒裝：我們不能說Occasionally has he addressed this question 或 To a slight degree have they changed their position 。 事實是象hardly 這樣的副詞語義上是否定的， 他們限定修飾了與不發生有關的狀態或事件。於是hardly 的意思大概是「幾乎根本不」； rarely 的意思大概是「實際上沒有」；等等。 這些副詞在他們的意思裡留有否定的成分，語法學家們對hardly 和否定詞組合的反應和對一對否定詞如 not 和 none組合的反應一樣是不足為奇的 參見 double negative， rarely， scarcely
現代英漢詞典
hardly
[5hB:dlI]
adv.
(1)幾乎不；簡直不
This is hardly the time to discuss such matters.
在現在討論這事根本不合適。
It was so dark that I could hardly see.
天那麼黑，我簡直看不見了。
It rained for such a short time that it hardly dampened the ground.
雨只下了一會兒幾乎沒有把地面打濕。
(2)絕不，一點也不
I can hardly ask him directly for more money.
我絕不能直接向他多要錢。
He hardly ever eats meat.
他從來不吃肉。
Peter is hardly ever late.
瑪麗幾乎從不遲到。
現代英漢綜合大辭典
hardly
[5hB:dli]
adv.
(1)幾乎沒有, 簡直不
(2)幾乎不
(3)完全不是..., 很難
(4)不太, 不太像
(5)剛...就
(6)嚴厲地, 苛刻地
(7)拚命地; 辛辛苦苦地
My legs were so weak I could hardly stand.
我的腿軟得簡直不能站立。
H-had he arrived when she started complaining.
他剛一到, 她就開始抱怨起來。
習慣用語
deal hardly with
虐待
hardly any
幾乎沒有
hardly ever
很少
think hardly of
把...想[說]得很壞
speak hardly of
把...想[說]得很壞
用法詞典
hardly
hard 猛烈的+ -ly
英文相關詞典
hardly
barelyjustnarrowlynearlyscarcely
美國傳統詞典
hardly
hard.ly
AHD:[h?rd「l?]
D.J.[6h$8dli8]
K.K.[6h$dli]
adv.
(1)Barely; just.
(2)To almost no degree; almost not:
I could hardly hear the speaker.
(3)Probably or almost surely not:
「Easily was a man made an infidel, but hardly might he be converted to another faith」(T.E. Lawrence)
(4)With severity; harshly.
(5)With great difficulty; painfully.
語源
(1)Middle English hardli
(2)from Old English heardloe [harshly, bravely]
(3)from heard [hard] * see hard
用法
The use of hardly with a negative is avoided in Standard English. Some critics have been puzzled that adverbs such as hardly, rarely, and scarcely should be treated as negatives in the traditional strictures against double negation, which tars sentences like I couldn't hardly see him with the same brush as I didn't get none. After all, they argue, the sentence Mary hardly laughed entails that Mary did laugh, not that she didn't, and therefore does not express a negative proposition. But hardly and scarcely occur with other negative expressions in a number of ways. For one thing, they combine with items such as any and at all, which are characteristically associated with negative contexts: we say I hardly saw him at all or I never saw him at all but not I occasionally saw him at all; we say I hardly had any time or I didn't have any time but not I had any time, and so on. Like other negative adverbs, hardly triggers inversion of the subject and auxiliary when it begins a sentence. Thus we say Hardly had I arrived when she left, on the pattern of Never have I read such a book or At no time has he condemned the movement. Such inversion is not used with other adverbs: we would not say Occasionally has he addressed this question or To a slight degree have they changed their position. The fact is that adverbs such as hardly are semantically negative in that they qualify a state or an event relative to the limiting case of nonoccurrence. Thus the meaning of hardly is, roughly, 「almost not at all」; the meaning of rarely is 「practically never」; and so forth. These adverbs are felt to have a negative component in their meaning, and it should not be surprising that grammarians have reacted to combinations of hardly with negatives in the same way that they have reacted to combinations of pairs of negatives such as not and none. See Usage Note at double negative, rarely, scarcely
英漢化學大詞典
hardly
adv.幾乎不,很難,嚴格地
英漢計算機大詞典
hardly
adv.幾乎不(很難,嚴格地
英漢中醫大詞典
hardly
n.幾乎不