新概念英語第四冊
lesson 31 The sculptor speaks
1 . he realizes its volume, as the space that the shape displaces in the air.他能意識到物體的體積，那就是它的形狀在空氣中所佔的空間。
2 . Appreciation of sculpture depends upon the ability to respond to form in three dimensions.對雕塑的鑒賞力取決於對立體的反應能力。
3 . he identifies himself with its centre of gravity, its mass, its weight;他把自身和物體重心、質量、重量融為一體。
4 . he thinks of it, whatever its size,當他想像一個物體時，不管其大小如何，
5 . he knows while he looks at one side what the other side is like;他看物體的一邊時，便知道另一邊是個什麼樣子。
6 . That is perhaps why sculpture has been described as the most difficult of all arts;雕塑被說成是所有藝術中最難的藝術，可能就是這個道理。
7 . as if he were holding it completely enclosed in the hollow of his hand.就好像完全握在自己手心裡一樣。
8 . And so with solids such as a shell, a nut, a plum, a pear, a tadpole, a mushroom, a mountain peak, a kidney, a carrot, a tree-trunk, a bird, a bud, a lark, a ladybird, a bulrush, a bone.對於其他實體，如，貝殼、核桃、李子、梨子、蝌蚪、蘑菇、山峰、腎臟、胡蘿蔔、樹幹、鳥兒、花蕾、雲雀、瓢蟲、蘆葦以及骨頭也應這樣來感覺。
9 . Many more people are 'form-blind' than colour-blind.形盲的人數比色盲的人數要多得多。
10 . quite apart from its significance as food, or from the literary idea that it will become a bird.而完全不靠它的食用意義或它會變成鳥這樣的文學概念來感覺。
11 . But having satisfied the requirements of practical necessity, most people go no further.但是，大部分人在滿足了實際需要後，就不再繼續發展這種能力了。
12 . This is what the sculptor must do.而雕塑家就必須做到這一點。
13 . He gets the solid shape, as it were, inside his head----可以這樣說，他腦子裡得到的是一個立體的概念，
14 . not as description or reminiscence.不要靠描述和印象去感覺。
15 . He mentally visualizes a complex form from all round itself;他的大腦能從物體周圍的各個角度勾畫出其複雜的形象，
16 . and emotional effort needed to comprehend form in its full spatial existence.在智力和感情上去理解存在於空間的整個形態。
17 . From these he can go on to appreciate more complex forms or combinations of several forms.從這些形體出發，觀賞者可進一步觀察更為複雜的形體或若干形體的組合。
18 . it has to develop (partly by means of touch) the ability to judge roughly three-dimensonal distances.兒童必須發展（部分通過觸覺）粗略判斷三維空間距離的能力。
19 . certainly it is more difficult than the arts which involve appreciation of flat forms,欣賞雕塑品當然比欣賞平面的藝術品要難。
20 . Later, for its personal safety and practical needs,慢慢地，由於自身安全和實際需要，
21 . He must, for example, perceive an egg as a simple single solid shape,以鳥蛋為例，觀賞者必須感覺到它是一個單一的實體形態，
22 . Though they may atttain considerable accuracy in the perception of flat form,雖然他們對平面形的感覺能達到相當準確的程度，
23 . they do not make the further intellectual但他們沒有進一步努力
24 . He must strive continually to think of, and use, form in its full spatial completeness.他必須勤於想像並且利用形體在空間中的完整性。
25 . shape in only two dimensions.形態只有兩種尺度。
26 . it cannot judge distances, depths.不會判斷距離和深度。
27 . And the sensitive observer of sculpture must also learn to feel shape simply as shape,因此，敏銳的雕塑觀賞者也必須學會把形體作為形體來感覺，
28 . The child learning to see, first distinguishes only two-dimensional shape;正在學看東西的兒童起初只會分辨二維形態，