詞語：include
include是什麼意思
簡明英漢詞典
include
[in5 klu:d]
vt.
包括, 包含
美國傳統詞典[雙解]
include
in.clude
AHD:[1n-kl?d「]
D.J.[in6klu8d]
K.K.[!n6klud]
v.tr.（及物動詞）
in.clud.ed， in.clud.ing， in.cludes
(1)To take in as a part, an element, or a member.
包括：作為一部分、成分或成員而包括
(2)To contain as a secondary or subordinate element.
含有：作為次要的、附屬的成分而包含
(3)To consider with or place into a group, class, or total:
放入，算進去：納入或包括進一個組織、階層或整體：
thanked the host for including us.
多謝主人把我們也算了進來
語源
(1)Middle English includen
中古英語 includen
(2)from Latin incl?e [to enclose]
源自 拉丁語 incl?e [關閉，封閉]
(3)in- [in] * see in- 2
in- [入，進入] *參見 in-2
(4)claudere [to close]
claudere [關閉]
繼承用法
includ「able 或
includ「ible
adj.（形容詞）
參考詞彙
(1)include， comprise， comprehend， embrace， involve
(2)These verbs mean to take in or contain as part of something larger.
這些動詞都有把某事物包括進另一些大的事物，使之成為其一部分的意思。
(3)Include and comprise both take as their objects things or persons that are constituent parts.
Include 和comprise 均指把人或事物包括進去並成為其組成的部分。
(4)Comprise usually implies that all of the components are stated:
Comprise 通常指所有的成分都是固定的：
The book comprises (that is, consists of or is composed of) 15 chapters.
這本書有（意思是由…組成） 15章。
(5)Include, like the remaining terms, more often implies an incomplete listing:
Include 和其餘的幾個詞語一樣，更多是指不完全的納入：
included a reference to the accompanist in the review of the concert;
在對這台音樂會的評論中提到了伴奏；
will include an amount for postage in my payment.
我的付款將包含郵費。
「Through the process of amendment, interpretation and court decision I have finally been included in 『We, the people』」 (Barbara C. Jordan).
「經過修正、闡述，最終經法庭判定，我的名字終於被收入了《我們，人民》這本書中 （巴巴拉·C·喬丹）。
(6)Comprehend and embrace usually refer to the taking in of subordinate elements as part of something broader:
Comprehend 和embrace 通常指納入一些附屬性的成分：
The study of art comprehends both aesthetic and intellectual considerations.
藝術學習中既包括美學，又包括知識的學習。
No single theory can embrace and explain every facet of human behavior.
沒有一種理論能包括並闡釋人類行為的每個方面。
(7)Involve usually suggests inclusion as a logical consequence or necessary condition:
Involve 通常作為一種邏輯推理的結果或必需條件而被包括進去：
「Every argument involves some assumptions」 (Brooke F. Westcott).
「任何爭論都牽涉到某些假定」 （布魯克·F·威斯克特）。
用法
(1)Some writers have insisted that include be used only when it is followed by a partial list of the contents of the referent of the subject. On this account, one may write New England includes Connecticut and Rhode Island, but one must use comprise or consist of when a full enumeration is provided:
有些作者堅持認為include 只包括一個中心內容的部分組成。 根據這個觀點，我們可以這樣寫新英格蘭包括康涅狄格和羅德島， 但我們必須用comprise 和 consist of 來表示全部組成部分已被列出：
New England comprises (not includes ) Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.
新英格蘭包括（不是 includes ) 康涅狄格州，羅德島州，馬薩諸塞州，佛蒙特州，新罕布什爾州和緬因州。
(2)This restriction is too strong. Include does not rule out the possibility of a complete listing. Thus the sentence The bibliography should include all the journal articles you have used does not entail that the bibliography must contain something other than journal articles, though it does leave that possibility open. When one wants to make clear that the listing is exhaustive, however, the use of comprise or consist of will avoid ambiguity. Thus the sentence The task force includes all of the Navy units on active duty in the region allows for the possibility that Marine and Army units are also taking part, where the same sentence with comprise would entail that the task force contained only Navy forces. See Usage Note at comprise
這限制太嚴格了。Include 也可能指全部組成部分均已列出。 據此，儘管下面這句話參考文獻應包括你所引用的所有的新聞文章 並不意味著必須含有除新聞文章以外的東西， 但是的確有這種可能性。所以，如果想要表明包括的內容是全部的，使用comprise 和 consist of 就可避免混淆。 如此下面這句話特遣部隊包括所有在該地區活動執勤的海軍部隊 就帶有海軍陸戰隊和陸軍部隊也參加的可能性， 而同樣的句子如果用comprise 就表示任務小組必須只由海軍部隊組成 參見 comprise
現代英漢詞典
include
[In5klu:d]
vt.
included, including
包括；包含
Price $14.90, postage included.
價格14.90美元，郵資包括在內。
He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech.
他在講話中加進了許多引人發笑的故事。
The United kingdom includes Northern Ireland and Wales.
聯合王國包括北愛爾蘭和威爾士。
現代英漢綜合大辭典
include
[in5 klu:d]
vt.
(1)包住, 關住
(2)包含, 包括
(3)算[計]入
The price includes postage charges.
價格包括郵費在內。
I include eggs on the list of things to buy.
我在要買的貨單上包括了雞蛋。
The university includes ten colleges.
該大學有10個學院。
參考詞彙
include comprise comprehend embrace involve
都含「包括」、 「包含」的意思。
(1)include強調「包括作為整體的一部分」, 如:
The list included his name.
這個名單上包括他的名字。
(2)comprise指「由許多部分組成」, 或「由許多部分構成一個整體」, 如:
Our curriculum comprises Politics, Chinese, English and History.
我們的課程共有四門:政治、漢語、英語、歷史。
(3)comprehend系正式用語,指「包括在某一範圍內」, 一般用於觀念陳述、綱要等, 如:
The word 「beauty」 comprehends various concepts.
「美」這個詞包括許多概念。
(4)embrace側重「所包括、包含的種類多」, 如:
Natural science embraces many subjects.
自然科學包括許多學科。
(5)involve指「由於同主要的有聯繫而必須含有」, 如:
Housekeeping involves cooking, washing and cleaning.
家務包括烹飪、洗衣和清掃等。
exclude
用法詞典
include
中古英語includen