詞語：hard
hard是什麼意思
簡明英漢詞典
hard
[hB:d]
adj.
硬的, 堅固的, (問題, 工作等)困難的, 艱苦的, 猛烈的, 確實的
adv.
努力地, 辛苦地, 堅硬地, 牢固地, 接近地, 猛烈地
美國傳統詞典[雙解]
hard
hard
AHD:[h?rd]
D.J.[h$8d]
K.K.[h$d]
adj.（形容詞）
hard.er， hard.est縮寫 h.， H.
(1)Resistant to pressure; not readily penetrated.
堅固的：對有壓力的；有抵抗性的
(2)Physically toughened; rugged.
身體結實的；強健的
(3)Mentally toughened; strong-minded.
堅韌的：有獨到見解的；意志堅強的
(4)Requiring great effort or endurance:
困難的：要求巨大的努力和耐心的：
a hard assignment.
困難的任務
(5)Performed with or marked by great diligence or energy:
勤奮的：需要巨大的努力和精力完成的：
a project that required years of hard work.
一項需要多年艱苦勞動的工程
(6)Difficult to resolve, accomplish, or finish:
難以解決的：難對付的、難解決的或難以完成的：
That was a hard question.
那是一道難題
(7)Difficult to understand or impart:
難以理解的，難以傳授的：
Physics was the hardest of my courses. Thermodynamics is a hard course to teach.
物理學是我所學課程中最難理解的一門；熱力學是非常難教的一門課
(8)Intense in force or degree:
猛烈的：力量或程度上激烈的：
a hard blow.
猛烈的一擊
(9)Inclement:
嚴酷的：
a long, hard winter.
漫長而嚴酷的冬季
(10)Stern or strict in nature or comportment:
嚴格的，嚴厲的：在性格或行為舉動方面嚴格的或嚴厲的：
a hard taskmaster.
嚴厲的監工
(11)Resistant to persuasion or appeal; obdurate.
倔強的，冷酷無情的：對信念或呼籲進行抵抗的；冷酷無情的
(12)Making few concessions:
毫不讓步的：
drives a hard bargain.
進行一場苛刻的交易
(13)Difficult to endure:
難以忍受的：
a hard life.
令人無法忍受的生活
(14)Oppressive or unjust in nature or effect:
刻薄的，苛刻的：在性格或外表上暴虐壓制的或不公平的：
restrictions that were hard on welfare applicants.
這些限制對於那些福利申請人來講實在太刻薄了
(15)Lacking compassion or sympathy; callous.
冷淡的：缺乏熱情或同情心的；冷酷的
(16)Harsh or severe in effect or intention:
嚴厲的：在企圖或結果上嚴重或嚴厲的：
said some hard things that I won't forget.
說了些令我不能忘卻的嚴厲的事情
(17)Bitter; resentful:
怨毒的；怨恨的：
No hard feelings, I hope.
我希望沒有怨恨的情緒
(18)Causing damage or premature wear:
引起損壞的，過早磨損的：
Snow and ice are hard on a car's finish.
冰和雪會破壞汽車表面的光澤度
(19)Bad; adverse:
壞的；背運的：
hard luck.
壞運氣
(20)Proceeding or performing with force, vigor, or persistence; assiduous:
勤奮的：用力量、精力或耐心來進行或完成的；勤奮的：
a hard worker.
勤奮的工人
(21)Real and unassailable:
有力的：確鑿的且不容置疑的：
hard evidence.
有力的證據
(22)Definite; firm:
確定的；強有力的：
a hard commitment.
明確的承諾
(23)Close; penetrating:
嚴密的；透徹的：
We need to take a hard look at the situation.
我們需要對情況進行周密的調查
(24)Free from illusion or bias; practical:
公正的，實際的：拋開幻想和偏見的；實際的：
brought some hard common sense to the discussion.
將實際的常識帶到討論中來
(25)Using or based on data that are readily quantified or verified:
嚴密的：運用或基於事先計算或證明的數據：
the hard sciences.
嚴密的科學
(26)Marked by sharp outline or definition; stark.
刻板的：由嚴格的提綱或概念規定的；刻板的
(27)Lacking in delicacy, shading, or nuance.
不精密的、不靈活或缺乏變化的
(28)Metallic, as opposed to paper. Used of currency.
金屬的而非紙的。用於貨幣流通
(29)Backed by bullion rather than by credit. Used of currency.
以金銀為憑的：以金銀儲備而不是銀行存款為憑證的。用於貨幣流通
(30)High and stable. Used of prices.
高而穩定的。用於價格
(31)Durable; lasting:
耐用的；持久的：
hard merchandise.
耐用的商品
(32)Written or printed rather than stored in electronic media:
書寫的：手寫或打印而不用電子傳播媒介的：
sent the information by hard mail.
將這條信息用手寫信件送出去
(33)Erect; tumid. Used of a penis.
豎起的：堅挺的；腫脹的。用於描寫男性生殖器
(34)Having high alcoholic content; intoxicating:
含大量酒精的；使醉的：
hard liquor.
烈酒
(35)Rendered alcoholic by fermentation; fermented:
發酵的：通過發酵產生酒精的；發酵的：
hard cider.
蘋果酒
(36)Containing dissolved salts that interfere with the lathering action of soap. Used of water.
含無機鹽的：含有參與肥皂起沫過程的溶解的鹽的。用於水
(37)Linguistics Velar, as in c in cake or g in log, as opposed to palatal or soft.
【語言學】 硬音的：與軟音或軟顎音相反的硬顎音，如cake（蛋糕） 一詞中 c 的發音或 log（原木） 一詞中 g 的發音
(38)Physics Of relatively high energy; penetrating:
【物理學】 高透力的：具有相對高能量的；有穿透力的：
hard x-rays.
高透力Ｘ射線
(39)High in gluten content:
麩質含量高的：
hard wheat.
硬粒小麥
(40)Chemistry Resistant to biodegradation:
【化學】 對生物腐蝕有抵抗力的：
a hard detergent.
抗腐蝕清潔劑
(41)Physically addictive. Used of certain illegal drugs, such as heroin.
麻醉品：肉體上上癮的。用於如海洛因等特定的非法麻醉品
(42)Resistant to blast, heat, or radiation. Used especially of nuclear weapons.
抗熱的，抗輻射的：防爆、防熱或防輻射的。尤用於核武器
adv.（副詞）
(1)With strenuous effort; intently:
努力地；拚命地：
worked hard all day; stared hard at the accused criminal.
一整天都在努力地工作；惡狠狠地盯著那個被控告的罪犯
(2)With great force, vigor, or energy:
用力量、精力或能量地：
pressed hard on the lever.
猛烈地壓在控制槓上
(3)In such a way as to cause great damage or hardship:
劇烈地，苦難的：造成巨大破壞或困難地：
industrial cities hit hard by unemployment.
工業城市遭到失業的劇烈打擊
(4)With great distress, grief, or bitterness:
痛苦、苦悶或悲傷地：
took the divorce hard.
痛苦地接受離婚
(5)Firmly; securely:
牢固地；安全地：
held hard to the railing.
緊緊地抓住欄杆
(6)Toward or into a solid condition:
趨干或成為固體狀態：
concrete that sets hard within a day.
混凝土在一天內就可以凝固
(7)Near in space or time; close:
接近地：在時間或空間上相近的；接近地：
The factory stands hard by the railroad tracks.
工廠座落在鐵路沿線
(8)Nautical Completely; fully:
【航海】 完全地；完整的：
hard alee.
完全地向下風
習慣用語
hard and fast
Defined, fixed, and invariable:
嚴格規定的、刻板的和無變化的：
hard and fast rules.
嚴格的規定
hard of hearing
(1)Having a partial loss of hearing.
聽覺障礙：部分地失去聽覺能力的
(2)One who has a partial loss of hearing.
部分地失去聽覺能力的人
hard put
Undergoing great difficulty:
陷入困境：
Under the circumstances, he was hard put to explain himself.
在這種情況下，他很難為自己辯解
hard up【非正式用語】
In need; poor.
短缺：在急需中；貧困
語源
(1)Middle English
中古英語
(2)from Old English heard * see kar-
源自 古英語 heard *參見 kar-
參考詞彙
(1)hard， difficult， arduous
(2)These adjectives are compared as they mean requiring great physical or mental effort to do, achieve, or master.
比較而言這些形容詞都意為為做某事、得到或掌握某物而付出肉體或精神上的努力。
(3)Hard is the most general term:
Hard 是最常見的：
Why is it so hard for you to keep a secret?
為什麼保守秘密對你來說如此之難？
「You write with ease to show your breeding,/But easy writing's curst hard reading」 (Richard Brinsley Sheridan).
「輕輕鬆鬆地寫，從而表現你的教養,/但是輕鬆地寫是困難地讀的禍根」 （理查·布林斯利·謝裡登）。
(4)Difficult and hard are interchangeable in many instances:
Difficult 和hard 這兩個詞在許多情況下是可以互換使用的：
a difficult (or hard ) subject;
困難的（或 hard ） 課題；
a book that is difficult (or hard ) to find. Difficult, however, is often preferable where the need for skill or ingenuity is implied:
很難找的一本書（或 hard ） 。 然而Difficult一詞在需要技術獨創性的情況下，常會被使用：
「All poetry is difficult to read,/—The sense of it is, anyhow」 (Robert Browning).
「詩歌總是難讀的／無論如何，它的意義如此」 （羅伯特·布朗寧）。
(5)Arduous refers to what involves burdensome labor or sustained physical or spiritual effort:
Arduous 指需要付出難於忍受的勞動或持續的肉體上或精神上的努力的：
「knowledge at which [Isaac] Newton arrived through arduous and circuitous paths」 (Macaulay).
「艾薩克·牛頓經過艱辛的和曲折的道路所得到的 知識」 （麥考利）。
Negotiating a reduction in nuclear arms is a long and arduous undertaking. See also Synonyms at firm 1
有關削減核武器的談判是一項漫長而艱苦的工作 參見同義詞 firm1
現代英漢詞典
hard
[hB:d]
adj.
(1)堅硬的
This ground is too hard to dig.
這塊地硬得挖不動。
The snow has frozen hard on the road.
路上的雪已經凍得很硬了。
(2)困難的，難的
hard questions
難題
Is science harder than English?
自然科學比英語難學嗎?
His argument is logical and hard to fault.
"他的論據邏輯嚴密,無懈可擊。"
Old conventions die hard.
舊的習慣勢力是不會輕易消亡的。
(3)強力的；重的
a hard push
奮力一推
The hard core in the party make all the decisions.
這個黨的核心成員決定一切。
The forecast says there is going to be a hard frost tomorrow night.
天氣預報說明天夜裡有嚴重霜凍。
(4)辛苦的；艱難的
hard work
辛苦的工作
(5)艱苦的
a hard life
艱苦的生活
It takes years of hard work to compile a good dictionary.
編一部好詞典需要多年的艱苦工作。
(6)嚴厲的；無情的
In our office building there is a hard and fast rule against smoking.
我們辦公樓內嚴禁吸煙。
a hard master
嚴師
Don't be too hard on the boy; he didn't mean to do it.
"對這個小男孩不要太嚴厲了,他不是故意這麼做的。"
(7)發硬音的
(8)含無機鹽的
hard water
硬水
(9)使人 上癮的（藥物）
(10)因強光或吵聲使人感覺不舒服的；不悅的
Her hard voice could be heard across the room.
她那討厭的大嗓門在房間的這一邊也聽得見。
You failed your driving test? Hard luck!
你駕駛證考試沒通過?真沒運氣!
詞性變化
hard
adv.
(1)努力地；艱苦地
They tried hard to succeed.
他們努力地工作以求得成功。
I have been working hard all morning.
我辛辛苦苦地幹了一上午活。
Push hard!
用力推!
(2)強烈地；重重地
It's raining harder than ever.
雨從來沒下過這麼大。
She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken.
"她擊鍵太猛,結果弄斷了兩根弦。"
Both the farmers and fishermen were hard hit by the bad weather.
壞天氣使農民和漁民都遭受了重大損失。
習慣用語
be hard done by
虧待；苛待
be hard put to it
難以做（某事）
die hard
（習慣）不易根絕
Old conventions die hard.
舊的習慣勢力是不會輕易消亡的。
hard at it
竭盡全力
She's working hard at her term paper.
她正在努力撰寫學期論文。
現代英漢綜合大辭典
hard
[hB:d]
adj.
(1)堅固的, 硬的; 固體的
(2)結實的, 緊的
(3)艱苦的; 難於對付的
(4)厲害的, 嚴酷的; 強烈的
(5)(身體)健壯的; (組織等)健全的
(6)難以忍受的; 艱辛的
(7)激烈的, 猛烈的
(8)苛刻的
(9)(人等)冷酷的, 刻薄的
(10)(食物等)粗糙的, 發酸的
(11)【語】發硬音的
(12)(市價等)穩定的
(13)確實的, 不容懷疑的
(14)(錢幣)金屬製的; (幣制)可兌換成金子的
(15)(水等)含無機鹽的
(16)(酒)烈性的
(17)(聲音等)刺耳的; (顏色等)刺眼的
(18)惡性難改的
(19)防原子的 ２十反差強的 ２
(20)有抗性的 ２
(21)有硬封皮的 ２
(22)硬Ｘ射線管的 ２
(23)(導彈設施等)有堅固掩護工事的 ２
(24)(導彈)可以從地下發射井發射的 ２
(25)(太空船的著落)撞毀的 ２
(26)(火箭)著地時速度在每小時100-300英里之間的
as hard as rock
堅如盤石
be sentenced to two years' hard labour
被判處服兩年苦役
a hard father
嚴父
a hard liquor
[美]烈性酒
hard words
難於入耳的話
Times are hard.
時世艱難。
Hard words break no bones.
[諺]直言無害。
詞性變化
hard
adv.
(1)努力, 使勁, 拚命地
(2)厲害地, 猛烈地
(3)緊緊地, 靠近
(4)艱苦地
(5)[美口]非常, 極
(6)(煮得)老
swim hard
快游
look [gaze, stare] hard at sb.
死死盯住某人
hard
n.
(1)[英]硬海灘, 登陸處
(2)[英俚](囚犯的)強迫勞役
hard alee
【航海】駛船向上風的命令
hard all
全力以赴
Hard aport!
【航海】(駛船向右的命令)左滿舵!
Hard astarboard!
【航海】右滿舵!
aweather!
(=Hard up!)【航海】轉舵擋風!
繼承用法
hardback
[5hB:dbAk]
n.
硬皮書
詞性變化
hard
adj.
硬皮的
hardbake
[`hB:dbeIk]
n.
[英](用糖和杏仁製成的)點心
hard-baked
adj.
烤乾的, 烤得過頭的
hardball
[`hB:dbR:l]
n.
硬式棒球
hard-bitten
adj.
咬起來凶狠的; 頑強的; 受過戰爭鍛煉的
hardboard
[5hB:dbC:d]
n.
硬質纖維板
hard-boiled
[`hB:d`bRIld]
adj.
(1)(雞蛋)煮得老的
(2)(衣服等)漿硬的, 挺括的
(3)無情的, 強硬的
hardbound
[`hB:d`baJnd]
adj.
(書籍)硬封面裝訂的
hard-core
adj.
(1)長期失業需要救濟的
(2)(黃色作品)赤裸裸描寫的
(3)核心[中堅]分子的
harddrawn
adj.
【機】冷拉的, 冷抽的
hard-earned
[`hB:d`\:nd]
adj.
憑血汗賺來的
hardfaced [favo(u)red,featured]
adj.
面貌嚴厲的; 其貌不揚的
hardfern
n.
硬羊齒植物
hard-grained
adj.
木理細密的, 堅硬的; (性格)固執的
hardhead
[`hB:dhed]
n.
(1)精明而講究實際的人
(2)傻瓜
(3)(頭上多刺和多骨頭的)硬頭魚(尤指鋸、步魚等)
(4)硬質巴比合金
(5)難熔的礦石
hardheaded
[hB:d5hedId]
adj.
(1)冷靜的; 精明而講實際的
(2)固執的
hardhearted
adj.
鐵石心腸的
hard-land
[`hB:dlAnd]
vi., vt.
(使)硬著陸
hardlanding
n.
(火箭)硬著陸
hardline
n.,adj.
強硬路線(的)
hardliner
n.
強硬路線者
hard-nosed
adj.
(狗等)嗅覺不靈的; [美]頑固的; 精明而講究實際的
hard-of-hearing
n.
耳背, 有點聾
hardometer
n.
硬度計
hard-sell
[`hB:d`sel]
adj.
硬性推銷的
hard-set
[`hB:d`set]
adj.
窘迫的; 安放牢固的; 堅硬的; 頑固的; (雞蛋)將要孵化的; (人)空腹的
hard-shelled
adj.
硬殼的; [美俚]堅持己見的, 頑固的
hardshower
n.
硬射流
hard-spun
[`hB:dspQn]
adj.
(紗線的)緊拈的
hardstand
[`hB:dstAnd]
n.
停機坪; 停車場
hard-surface
vt.
在...上鋪硬質路面
hardtack
n.
硬餅乾
hardtail
n.
騾子
hardtop
n.
金屬頂蓋式汽車
hard-top
n.
有硬質路面的地區[道路]
vt.
給...鋪硬質地面
hard-up
adj.
[口]缺少; 急需
hardwater
n.
硬水
hard-wearing
adj.
耐穿的
hard-won
adj.
辛苦得來的
hardworked
adj.
(1)累透的
(2)陳腐的
hardworking
adj.
勤勉的
hardwrought
adj.
冷鍛的
hardish
adj.
較硬的
習慣用語
hard as nails
鐵石心腸; 冷酷無情
as hard as nails
鐵石心腸; 冷酷無情
hard as the nether mill stone
鐵石心腸; 冷酷無情
as hard as the nether mill stone
鐵石心腸; 冷酷無情
be hard done by
受到不公平待遇
be hard hit
受到嚴重打擊(經濟上損失或失去親人等)
be hard on
接近, 緊跟著; 使...難堪; 磨得歷害
be hard upon
接近, 緊跟著; 使...難堪; 磨得歷害
be hard pressed
被逼得很緊, 處於無奈; 被追擊
be hard put to it
(做某事)有很大困難; 正在為難, 不知所措
be hard put to do sth.
(做某事)有很大困難; 正在為難, 不知所措
be hard up against it
[美口]處境很難; 面臨 種種困難
have it hard
[美口]處境很難; 面臨 種種困難
bear hard on
拚命壓迫
die hard
(習慣等)不易改掉
follow hard after
緊緊跟著
go hard with sb.
使某人遭受不幸[痛苦]
go ill with sb.
使某人遭受不幸[痛苦]
play hard to get
假裝(對某人某事)不感興趣(以等待別人說服)
run sb. hard
緊追某人
take sth. hard
對某事耿耿於懷
try one's hard est
盡最大的努力
hard and fast
(1)【航海】牢牢地(擱淺)
(2)(=hard-and-fast)死板的; 硬性的(規則等), 不容變通的
hard and sharp
殘忍, 苛薄
hard at it (=hard at work)
(1)努力苦幹; 非常忙碌
(2)酗酒
hard by
(1)在附近
(2)在...近旁; 緊挨著
hard on
(1)苛刻地對待(某人), 對(某人)要求過嚴
(2)使(某人)感到困難[痛苦、不愉快]
(3)迫近; 緊跟著
hard upon
(1)苛刻地對待(某人), 對(某人)要求過嚴
(2)使(某人)感到困難[痛苦、不愉快]
(3)迫近; 緊跟著
hard over
[海]盡量靠一邊
hard up
[口]經濟困難; 缺錢
hard up for
[口]奇缺(某物)(指金錢以外的東西; 缺金錢僅用 hard up)
參考詞彙
hard difficult ardous
意思都含「困難的」、「需費力的」。
(1)hard是一般用語, 指「不易做的」、「不易處理的」、「難瞭解的」, 側重「體力上的困難」, 如:
It's hard to say which is better.
很難說哪一個好些。
(2)difficult 指「需要通過相當努力或一定的技藝、智慧、策略或勇氣才能處理或解決的」, 側重「智力上的困難」, 如:
a difficult situation
困難的形勢。
(3)ardous 指「需要努力的」、「艱巨的」, 如:
the ardous task ahead us
我們面前的艱巨任務。
easy
用法詞典
hard
來自古英語 heard
英文相關詞典
hard
callousdifficultfirmharshinflexiblerigidroughruggedseveresolidsternstonystrenuouslystricttoughuglyunpleasantunyieldingeasysimplesoft
[七國語言]英漢公共大詞典
hard
困難的;硬的, 堅硬的
[七國語言]英漢礦業大詞典
hard
硬的
美國傳統詞典
hard
hard
AHD:[h?rd]
D.J.[h$8d]
K.K.[h$d]
adj.
hard.er, hard.estAbbr. h., H.
(1)Resistant to pressure; not readily penetrated.
(2)Physically toughened; rugged.
(3)Mentally toughened; strong-minded.
(4)Requiring great effort or endurance:
a hard assignment.
(5)Performed with or marked by great diligence or energy:
a project that required years of hard work.
(6)Difficult to resolve, accomplish, or finish:
That was a hard question.
(7)Difficult to understand or impart:
Physics was the hardest of my courses. Thermodynamics is a hard course to teach.
(8)Intense in force or degree:
a hard blow.
(9)Inclement:
a long, hard winter.
(10)Stern or strict in nature or comportment:
a hard taskmaster.
(11)Resistant to persuasion or appeal; obdurate.
(12)Making few concessions:
drives a hard bargain.
(13)Difficult to endure:
a hard life.
(14)Oppressive or unjust in nature or effect:
restrictions that were hard on welfare applicants.
(15)Lacking compassion or sympathy; callous.
(16)Harsh or severe in effect or intention:
said some hard things that I won't forget.
(17)Bitter; resentful:
No hard feelings, I hope.
(18)Causing damage or premature wear:
Snow and ice are hard on a car's finish.
(19)Bad; adverse:
hard luck.
(20)Proceeding or performing with force, vigor, or persistence; assiduous:
a hard worker.
(21)Real and unassailable:
hard evidence.
(22)Definite; firm:
a hard commitment.
(23)Close; penetrating:
We need to take a hard look at the situation.
(24)Free from illusion or bias; practical:
brought some hard common sense to the discussion.
(25)Using or based on data that are readily quantified or verified:
the hard sciences.
(26)Marked by sharp outline or definition; stark.
(27)Lacking in delicacy, shading, or nuance.
(28)Metallic, as opposed to paper. Used of currency.
(29)Backed by bullion rather than by credit. Used of currency.
(30)High and stable. Used of prices.
(31)Durable; lasting:
hard merchandise.
(32)Written or printed rather than stored in electronic media:
sent the information by hard mail.
(33)Erect; tumid. Used of a penis.
(34)Having high alcoholic content; intoxicating:
hard liquor.
(35)Rendered alcoholic by fermentation; fermented:
hard cider.
(36)Containing dissolved salts that interfere with the lathering action of soap. Used of water.
(37)Linguistics Velar, as in c in cake or g in log, as opposed to palatal or soft.
(38)Physics Of relatively high energy; penetrating:
hard x-rays.
(39)High in gluten content:
hard wheat.
(40)Chemistry Resistant to biodegradation:
a hard detergent.
(41)Physically addictive. Used of certain illegal drugs, such as heroin.
(42)Resistant to blast, heat, or radiation. Used especially of nuclear weapons.
adv.
(1)With strenuous effort; intently:
worked hard all day; stared hard at the accused criminal.
(2)With great force, vigor, or energy:
pressed hard on the lever.
(3)In such a way as to cause great damage or hardship:
industrial cities hit hard by unemployment.
(4)With great distress, grief, or bitterness:
took the divorce hard.
(5)Firmly; securely:
held hard to the railing.
(6)Toward or into a solid condition:
concrete that sets hard within a day.
(7)Near in space or time; close:
The factory stands hard by the railroad tracks.
(8)Nautical Completely; fully:
hard alee.
習慣用語
hard and fast
Defined, fixed, and invariable:
hard and fast rules.
hard of hearing
(1)Having a partial loss of hearing.
(2)One who has a partial loss of hearing.
hard put
Undergoing great difficulty:
Under the circumstances, he was hard put to explain himself.
hard upInformal
In need; poor.
語源
(1)Middle English
(2)from Old English heard * see kar-
參考詞彙
(1)hard, difficult, arduous
(2)These adjectives are compared as they mean requiring great physical or mental effort to do, achieve, or master.
(3)Hard is the most general term:
Why is it so hard for you to keep a secret?
「You write with ease to show your breeding,/But easy writing's curst hard reading」 (Richard Brinsley Sheridan).
(4)Difficult and hard are interchangeable in many instances:
a difficult (or hard ) subject;
a book that is difficult (or hard ) to find. Difficult, however, is often preferable where the need for skill or ingenuity is implied:
「All poetry is difficult to read,/—The sense of it is, anyhow」 (Robert Browning).
(5)Arduous refers to what involves burdensome labor or sustained physical or spiritual effort:
「knowledge at which [Isaac] Newton arrived through arduous and circuitous paths」 (Macaulay).
Negotiating a reduction in nuclear arms is a long and arduous undertaking. See also Synonyms at firm 1
英漢船舶大詞典
hard
n.硬質
朗文英漢綜合電腦詞典
hard
【修】硬，難
英漢廣播大詞典
hard
n.硬色調的,強反差的
英漢航海大詞典
hard
n.穩定的,堅硬的
英漢航空大詞典
hard
n.硬的
英漢化學大詞典
hard
adj.硬的,猛烈的,嚴厲的,確實的,困難的;adv.努力地,堅固地,猛烈地,立即
英漢海運大詞典
hard
堅的，硬的(底質)難努力非常，極，竭力(拉船上岸的)硬斜坡道
基本詞義
hard
硬(質)的，堅固的
基本詞義
hard
硬(質)的，堅固的硬的硬的(海圖圖式)硬質的，淬硬的，堅的，硬的(底質)硬斜坡道難，努力，非常，極，竭力
基本詞義
hard
硬質的，堅固的，淬硬的硬斜坡道
英漢經貿大詞典
hard
n.穩定的,堅硬的
英漢計算機大詞典
hard
adj.硬的(猛烈的,嚴厲的;adv.努力地(堅固地,猛烈地
英漢機械大詞典
hard
n.硬的,重的
英漢建築大詞典
hard
n.硬海灘,登陸處
英漢農牧林大詞典
hard
n.堅硬的,堅固的
英漢水利大詞典
hard
n.硬的,堅固的,繁重的
英漢冶金大詞典
hard
n.硬的,淬硬的
英漢醫學大詞典
hard
adj.反差強,難
英漢中醫大詞典
hard
n.硬的,堅硬的,困難的